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SUM HLUT DAN
Tapchhak zawl atang a kan pawisa hlutna a tla hniam ilo tih thin kha a chhan hi lo chhiar ve teh le.
India pawisa(rupee) hlutna tla hniam zel hian i rilru a ti hah ve ngai em?
I lirthei kha ni 7 chhung han hawl chhuak lo ngam chin teh. Ni 7 lek ! chu chuan Dollar leh Rupee inthlauhna hi a siam tha thei ani.
American dollar hlutna hi kum 1971 atang khan Rangkachak(gold) in an teh tawh lova, tuna dollar hlutna chu petrol a teh a tih theih awm e. Chu chu Derivative tradings vang ani. (American dollar leh indian rupee bukna pakhat chu an demand leh supply ve ve te anni. American dollar demand a san chuan Indian rupee nen an in tluktlana kha alo danglam ta thin ani. (Entirnan $ 1 = Rs 50 ni thin kha dollar demand a lo san chuan, $1= Rs 60 te alo ni ta thin ani.)
American Dollar vs Indian Rupee:America hian petrol hi rangkachak ang thovin a hlu ani tih a hria a, chuvang chuan Middle East ramte nen inremna a siam ta a.Chu an inremna ah chuan dollar chauhin Middle East petrol khu hralh chuah theih ani. Tichuan Middle East petrol lei duh reng reng ramte chuan petrol lei nan dollar an hman alo tul ta ani. Chu chuan ram dangin dollar an mamawhna (demand) alo ti sang a, dollar hlutna pawh a san phah thin.
American dollar note i en chuan "this note is a legal tender for all debts, public and private" tih in ziak i hmu ang. ‘American dollar note hi dan ang thlapin, sorkar leh mimal ba(debt) rulh na, ba tlukpui ani e’ tihna mai ani. Entirnan American dollar hi lo hum ta la, enge emaw avangin “ka hum duh tawh love, India pawisa ang in Federal Reserve hnenah gold in ka va thleng teh ang” lo ti ta la, anni chuan an thleng sak thei hauh lovang che A chhan chu dollar tlukpui chu gold nilovin ba(debt) anih vang ani. (America ram chhung ah ngei pawh thil i lei dawn in, dawr nghak tu in i thil leina man atana dollar pek i tum kha, a duh loh chuan, a hnawl thiang ani. A chhan chu pawisa a thil lei (purchase) hi ba (debt) in rulhna ani lova, thil hlutna inthleng(exchange) mai ani.)India rupee ve thung chu a hlutna gold in teh anih miau avangin,pawisa note reng rengah " i promise to pay the bearer the sum...." tih in chhu, Reserve Bank Governor in a sign hnan thlap, i hmu ang. Chumi awmzia chu pawsia(rupee) kha I hum duh lo anih pawhin a hlutna hu kha gold in Reserve bank Governor I thing thei ani.
Petrol vanga India pawisa hlutna lo tlakhniam dan:Entirnan Indian petroleum minister hi Middle East ah petrol lei turin zuk kal ta se. Middle East mite chuan ‘petrol Litre 1 hi dollar 1 in lei rawh’ an lo ti ta tlat mai a. India in dollar a nei ve si lova, eng tin nge a tih tak ang? Minister chuan America hnenah dollar leh rupee inthleng a dil ang a, chutah American Federal Reserve lamin dollar note leh rupee note kha anlo thleng sak leh ang a, chu chu petrol lei nan a hmang theih chauh dawn ani. Hei hi India in dollar kan neih dan ani a, middle East a petrol lei nan kan hmang thin.Mahse hetah hian in bumna lian tak a awm ta ani. Rupee, gold a kan thleng theih kha, dollar a kan thleng hnuah, dollar chu hum duh lovin kan thleng let thei em? American ho hnehah “dollar hi ka duh lo, gold in min pe let leh ru” kan ti thiang tawh tlat lo. A chhan chu American dollar chu 'ba(debt) tluk pui' chauh ani kan tih tawh kha. Engang pawhin dil mahla America chuan "thildang pe let turin kan in tiam ami? Kan dollar kha in chhiar chiang lo em ni? kan dollar note ah chiang takin " this is a legal tender note for all debt..' tih kan chhut kulh kha" ti in min chhang tawh mai dawn ani. America hian dollar note (pawisa) chhu turin gold a neih a ngai ve lova, lehkha puan var ah an duh zah zah a chhu thei ani. Chutiang chu anih avang chuan India rangkachak leh America lehkha puan satliah kha a lo intluktlang ta reng mai ani.
Middle East ram ten dollar chauha petrol an hralh avangin America in eng e a chawi ve le ?Middle East rama an Lalte khu America sorkar in ‘Lal’ annihna te, an thunneihna te leh an thlah te thlengin a venhim sak avangin Middle East ram te khuan America hnehah chhiah an chawi zawk thin. Chu mai ala ni lo, America in infrastructure chi hrang hrang a din sak avangin ba tam tak an nei a, America hi an la rul char char bawk. Tichuan petrol lei nana dollar ram hrang hrangin kan hman chu America ah bawk a lut leh thin. Hei hi American dollar hlutna( value) chu ani. Hei vang hian mi tam tak chuan American dollar hlutna hi eng tikah emaw chuan a la tlu chhe dawn anti thin.
Tuna kan buaina ber lo irhchhuahna chu india in America lehkha puan (dollar note) te petrol lei nan kan mamawh avangin rangkachak (rupee note) a kan thleng thin vang ani. I nitin petrol hman ti tlem la , dollar kan mamawhna a lo tlem ang a, India pawisa hlutna alo sang sawt mai dawn ani.
A hnuai ah hian petrol kher nilo thildang atang pawha India pawisa hlutna i siamthat theih dan tarlan ani. Heng thil ho tete i zawm a avang hian Indian economy i siamtha thei. I hun hlu tak kha ui lovin han chhiar zawm zel teh.Thla 12 kal ta khan $1 leh Rs 39 a intluk, mahse thla 12 a ral leh meuh chuan $1 chu Rs 62 alo ni ta dawrh mai. Hei hi US economy than thut vang ani thei ang em? Teuhlo mai, Indian economy tlak chhiat zel vang zawk ani.Asia a ram dangte ang bawkin Indian economy hi a tla chhe mek a. kan economy tla chhe mek hi i kutah a awm.Nang leh kei kan pen chhuah loh chuan a chhe telh telh ang a, a tuar tur chu keimahni bawk ani. Kan economy a tlak chhiat avangin kan rama industry tam tak khar alo ngai ta hial mai. Ramdang atanga lo lut company ten India ram chhunga an thil siam chhuah ngei ngei ni si ,cosmetics, snacks, tea, beverages etc. te kan lei avangin India chuan Foreign exchange ah Vaibelchhe 30,0000 aia tam a chan tawh ani.
Heng company te hian Cold drink bur khat siam nan paise 70/80 lek an hman laiin, Rs 9 velin an hralh chhuak leh a. Chuta hlawkna an siam tam zawk chu an ramah thawn let leh in kan economy an hip phai heuh heuh mai ani. Petrol man te a sang zel bawk nen, engmah kan tih loh chuan kan pawisa hlutna hi a tla hniam tulh tulh ang a, nakin lawk ah chuan thil(product) ngai reng kan lei thin kha pawisa tam zawk chawia kan lei ala ngai dawn ani.
Eng e i tih ve thei le? Indian company dik tak te thil siam(product) lei mai ani. I nun dang phung thlak teh chiam pawh a ngai love. I thil lei tur hre chiang la, ramdang company te siam ani em? Ramdang company te siam i hmang thin anih pawhin a tluk pui, India company ten an siam kha lei mai rawh . Nitin mamawh, entirnan cold drinks,toothpaste, tooth brush, milk powder, shampoo, cream, sahbawn, eitur etc. India siam ngei lei la, India pawisa ramdanga kal tur i veng thei dawn ani. India siam chhuah ngei thil(product) pakhat i lei hian kawng ro a su a, Indian economy i tanpui tihna ani.
Ramdang company te thilsiam a tha love tihna lam ani lo. Indian economy chhanhim nan a tul vang zawk ani. India ram alo zalen theih nan mi tam takin an nunna lo hlan tawh a, vawiin a la dam, India khua leh tui te hian kan zalenna vawnhim hi kan tih tur (duty) ani. Ram changkang zawk atang a lo lut companyte ( multi-nationals) tan chuan he thil thleng mek hi globalization mai ani. Nang leh kei, India khua leh tui te tan chuan kan economy tih chhiat na, an thu hnuaia min dah leh theihna tur (re-colonization) ani zawk.
A tawp berah chuan foreign thil(product) i hman thin zawng zawng chu i thlak thei vek kher lovang. Product pahnihkhat lek i thlak theih pawhin Indian economy hian hma a sawn phah dawn ani.(Van Hauhnar)
Example- Dollar kan lei khan America in kan rupee a kawl ve ta thung a, chumi rupee a kawl chu Gold in a thleng leh daih ti ila a fiah awm e. Gold tak2 pawh thleng lo mahse stock, asset, securities market a leinan a hmang thei. America nen a kan trade. Rupee=gold, dollar=debt. kan ram tan chuan dollar kha petrol lei nan chauh a hman tlak, petrol leinan lo chuan lekha satliah my2 ani. Kan ram chuah vin buaina a tawk bik lo ram dang pawn an tawk vek. Tuna Iran leh USA in hal na chhan pawh hi ralthuam etc tih vel chu a hming mai2 ani. Iran in Dollar in Oil a hralh duh loh vang zawk ani
Tapchhak zawl atang a kan pawisa hlutna a tla hniam ilo tih thin kha a chhan hi lo chhiar ve teh le.
India pawisa(rupee) hlutna tla hniam zel hian i rilru a ti hah ve ngai em?
I lirthei kha ni 7 chhung han hawl chhuak lo ngam chin teh. Ni 7 lek ! chu chuan Dollar leh Rupee inthlauhna hi a siam tha thei ani.
American dollar hlutna hi kum 1971 atang khan Rangkachak(gold) in an teh tawh lova, tuna dollar hlutna chu petrol a teh a tih theih awm e. Chu chu Derivative tradings vang ani. (American dollar leh indian rupee bukna pakhat chu an demand leh supply ve ve te anni. American dollar demand a san chuan Indian rupee nen an in tluktlana kha alo danglam ta thin ani. (Entirnan $ 1 = Rs 50 ni thin kha dollar demand a lo san chuan, $1= Rs 60 te alo ni ta thin ani.)
American Dollar vs Indian Rupee:America hian petrol hi rangkachak ang thovin a hlu ani tih a hria a, chuvang chuan Middle East ramte nen inremna a siam ta a.Chu an inremna ah chuan dollar chauhin Middle East petrol khu hralh chuah theih ani. Tichuan Middle East petrol lei duh reng reng ramte chuan petrol lei nan dollar an hman alo tul ta ani. Chu chuan ram dangin dollar an mamawhna (demand) alo ti sang a, dollar hlutna pawh a san phah thin.
American dollar note i en chuan "this note is a legal tender for all debts, public and private" tih in ziak i hmu ang. ‘American dollar note hi dan ang thlapin, sorkar leh mimal ba(debt) rulh na, ba tlukpui ani e’ tihna mai ani. Entirnan American dollar hi lo hum ta la, enge emaw avangin “ka hum duh tawh love, India pawisa ang in Federal Reserve hnenah gold in ka va thleng teh ang” lo ti ta la, anni chuan an thleng sak thei hauh lovang che A chhan chu dollar tlukpui chu gold nilovin ba(debt) anih vang ani. (America ram chhung ah ngei pawh thil i lei dawn in, dawr nghak tu in i thil leina man atana dollar pek i tum kha, a duh loh chuan, a hnawl thiang ani. A chhan chu pawisa a thil lei (purchase) hi ba (debt) in rulhna ani lova, thil hlutna inthleng(exchange) mai ani.)India rupee ve thung chu a hlutna gold in teh anih miau avangin,pawisa note reng rengah " i promise to pay the bearer the sum...." tih in chhu, Reserve Bank Governor in a sign hnan thlap, i hmu ang. Chumi awmzia chu pawsia(rupee) kha I hum duh lo anih pawhin a hlutna hu kha gold in Reserve bank Governor I thing thei ani.
Petrol vanga India pawisa hlutna lo tlakhniam dan:Entirnan Indian petroleum minister hi Middle East ah petrol lei turin zuk kal ta se. Middle East mite chuan ‘petrol Litre 1 hi dollar 1 in lei rawh’ an lo ti ta tlat mai a. India in dollar a nei ve si lova, eng tin nge a tih tak ang? Minister chuan America hnenah dollar leh rupee inthleng a dil ang a, chutah American Federal Reserve lamin dollar note leh rupee note kha anlo thleng sak leh ang a, chu chu petrol lei nan a hmang theih chauh dawn ani. Hei hi India in dollar kan neih dan ani a, middle East a petrol lei nan kan hmang thin.Mahse hetah hian in bumna lian tak a awm ta ani. Rupee, gold a kan thleng theih kha, dollar a kan thleng hnuah, dollar chu hum duh lovin kan thleng let thei em? American ho hnehah “dollar hi ka duh lo, gold in min pe let leh ru” kan ti thiang tawh tlat lo. A chhan chu American dollar chu 'ba(debt) tluk pui' chauh ani kan tih tawh kha. Engang pawhin dil mahla America chuan "thildang pe let turin kan in tiam ami? Kan dollar kha in chhiar chiang lo em ni? kan dollar note ah chiang takin " this is a legal tender note for all debt..' tih kan chhut kulh kha" ti in min chhang tawh mai dawn ani. America hian dollar note (pawisa) chhu turin gold a neih a ngai ve lova, lehkha puan var ah an duh zah zah a chhu thei ani. Chutiang chu anih avang chuan India rangkachak leh America lehkha puan satliah kha a lo intluktlang ta reng mai ani.
Middle East ram ten dollar chauha petrol an hralh avangin America in eng e a chawi ve le ?Middle East rama an Lalte khu America sorkar in ‘Lal’ annihna te, an thunneihna te leh an thlah te thlengin a venhim sak avangin Middle East ram te khuan America hnehah chhiah an chawi zawk thin. Chu mai ala ni lo, America in infrastructure chi hrang hrang a din sak avangin ba tam tak an nei a, America hi an la rul char char bawk. Tichuan petrol lei nana dollar ram hrang hrangin kan hman chu America ah bawk a lut leh thin. Hei hi American dollar hlutna( value) chu ani. Hei vang hian mi tam tak chuan American dollar hlutna hi eng tikah emaw chuan a la tlu chhe dawn anti thin.
Tuna kan buaina ber lo irhchhuahna chu india in America lehkha puan (dollar note) te petrol lei nan kan mamawh avangin rangkachak (rupee note) a kan thleng thin vang ani. I nitin petrol hman ti tlem la , dollar kan mamawhna a lo tlem ang a, India pawisa hlutna alo sang sawt mai dawn ani.
A hnuai ah hian petrol kher nilo thildang atang pawha India pawisa hlutna i siamthat theih dan tarlan ani. Heng thil ho tete i zawm a avang hian Indian economy i siamtha thei. I hun hlu tak kha ui lovin han chhiar zawm zel teh.Thla 12 kal ta khan $1 leh Rs 39 a intluk, mahse thla 12 a ral leh meuh chuan $1 chu Rs 62 alo ni ta dawrh mai. Hei hi US economy than thut vang ani thei ang em? Teuhlo mai, Indian economy tlak chhiat zel vang zawk ani.Asia a ram dangte ang bawkin Indian economy hi a tla chhe mek a. kan economy tla chhe mek hi i kutah a awm.Nang leh kei kan pen chhuah loh chuan a chhe telh telh ang a, a tuar tur chu keimahni bawk ani. Kan economy a tlak chhiat avangin kan rama industry tam tak khar alo ngai ta hial mai. Ramdang atanga lo lut company ten India ram chhunga an thil siam chhuah ngei ngei ni si ,cosmetics, snacks, tea, beverages etc. te kan lei avangin India chuan Foreign exchange ah Vaibelchhe 30,0000 aia tam a chan tawh ani.
Heng company te hian Cold drink bur khat siam nan paise 70/80 lek an hman laiin, Rs 9 velin an hralh chhuak leh a. Chuta hlawkna an siam tam zawk chu an ramah thawn let leh in kan economy an hip phai heuh heuh mai ani. Petrol man te a sang zel bawk nen, engmah kan tih loh chuan kan pawisa hlutna hi a tla hniam tulh tulh ang a, nakin lawk ah chuan thil(product) ngai reng kan lei thin kha pawisa tam zawk chawia kan lei ala ngai dawn ani.
Eng e i tih ve thei le? Indian company dik tak te thil siam(product) lei mai ani. I nun dang phung thlak teh chiam pawh a ngai love. I thil lei tur hre chiang la, ramdang company te siam ani em? Ramdang company te siam i hmang thin anih pawhin a tluk pui, India company ten an siam kha lei mai rawh . Nitin mamawh, entirnan cold drinks,toothpaste, tooth brush, milk powder, shampoo, cream, sahbawn, eitur etc. India siam ngei lei la, India pawisa ramdanga kal tur i veng thei dawn ani. India siam chhuah ngei thil(product) pakhat i lei hian kawng ro a su a, Indian economy i tanpui tihna ani.
Ramdang company te thilsiam a tha love tihna lam ani lo. Indian economy chhanhim nan a tul vang zawk ani. India ram alo zalen theih nan mi tam takin an nunna lo hlan tawh a, vawiin a la dam, India khua leh tui te hian kan zalenna vawnhim hi kan tih tur (duty) ani. Ram changkang zawk atang a lo lut companyte ( multi-nationals) tan chuan he thil thleng mek hi globalization mai ani. Nang leh kei, India khua leh tui te tan chuan kan economy tih chhiat na, an thu hnuaia min dah leh theihna tur (re-colonization) ani zawk.
A tawp berah chuan foreign thil(product) i hman thin zawng zawng chu i thlak thei vek kher lovang. Product pahnihkhat lek i thlak theih pawhin Indian economy hian hma a sawn phah dawn ani.(Van Hauhnar)
Example- Dollar kan lei khan America in kan rupee a kawl ve ta thung a, chumi rupee a kawl chu Gold in a thleng leh daih ti ila a fiah awm e. Gold tak2 pawh thleng lo mahse stock, asset, securities market a leinan a hmang thei. America nen a kan trade. Rupee=gold, dollar=debt. kan ram tan chuan dollar kha petrol lei nan chauh a hman tlak, petrol leinan lo chuan lekha satliah my2 ani. Kan ram chuah vin buaina a tawk bik lo ram dang pawn an tawk vek. Tuna Iran leh USA in hal na chhan pawh hi ralthuam etc tih vel chu a hming mai2 ani. Iran in Dollar in Oil a hralh duh loh vang zawk ani