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Big Bang kan tih mai hi Sciencists-te leh tunlai mithiam tamtakte pawhin a Universe rawn intanna Theory an pawmtlan ber niin he Theory-in a sawidan chuan muk leh tereuhte sa em em mai puak darh ta ‘Initial point/Singularity’ atanga intanin a rawn lian tual tual a tuna kan Universe hi a rawn siamchhuak ta ani.(SINGULARITY: Space time curvature infinite anihna hmun, Black Hole a ‘Event Horizon’ awmna hmun angin Light pawh a kalkawng tur Infinite curve anih zel avangin achhuah theih tawh lohna, Matter density infinite anihna hmun leh volume pawh awmlo-zero anihna hmun leh Laws of Physics(Scientific law) kan hriat zawng zawngte pawh an hman theih tawh lohna hmun ani. Kan khawvel pawh hi Singulary angin awm tase Football tiat ang vel lekah a in sawh muk dawn ani, a Density tur awmang chu a hriatthiam mai theih awm e, chumi rawnpuak darh leh chu Cosmic Explosion an ti leh.)
Kum 1959 khan American Scientists-te zingah Universe chungchanga an ngaihdan Survey-na neih niin zawhna pakhat inang theuh zawh an ni a, Universe upat zawngah hian enge I ngaihdan? tih zawhna ani. Scientists hmunthum a thena hmunhnih aia tam zawk mah chuan mak deuh maiin kan Universe hian intan hun aneilo, tawpchin neilo(Eternal) atang a rawn awm ani an ti mauh mai, keini Creationist(Pathian thilsiam anih ringtute) ringtu ten Pathian hianin siamtu a mamawh lo, tawp chin neilo atanga rawn awm(Eternity) kan tih pawh hian a diklohna a awm chuang love, Scientists thiam tak takte pawhin 1959 velah kha chuan universe intan hun atan Eternity an lo ring ve tho mai.
1959 atanga kumnga ralhnuah (1964) Radio astronomers pahnih Arno Penzias leh Robert Wilson, Bell Telephone Laboratories a an thawh laiin an Data a Microwave Signal lo inphum ru reng mai chu an hmuchhuak(Detect) ta hlauh mai, chu Microwave signal chu Signal dangte atang a thliarhran tumin an bei ta a, a tirah chuan ri bengchheng mai mai emaw an ti a, mahse an han finfiah meuh chuan Cosmic Microwave Background(CMB)lo ni rengin, he CMB hunlai mithiam tlemte chauhina an rin Big Bang theory-in a lo sawilawk tawh achu ani. He CMB hian 1959 a Scientists-te ngaihdan rawn kalhin Universe hian intan hun anei tih tichiangtu(Evidence) hmasa ber a rawn ni ta ani.
Universe-in intan hun anei tih hmuhchhuah anih meuhah chuan scientists-te zingah zawhna pawimawh em em mai a siamnghal a, engtinnge he universe hi thil awm lo ata a rawnawm ngawt theih? hemi hma hian enge awm?. Scientists-te chuan zawhna pakhat zawk an chhan naah chuan Physicists hoin Singularity an tih mai hi ain tanna ani e anti a, mahse space huamchin awmdan an sawifiahna chuanin Law of physics-ah zawhna khirh zet mai chhan theih loh a siam leh ta tho mai, mahse Black Hole lairilahte pawh khian Singularity hi a awm ngei rin ani.
Question pakhat zawk Big Bang hmain enge awm? Tih zawhna pawh hianin Scientists-te a chawk buai ta tho mai, an chhan danah chuan atir aia awm hmasa tur zawk engmah a awm lo(Nothing exist prior to the beginning). Mahse chu chuan zawhna chhan ahnekin zawhna tam zawk a siamchhuak a, Singularity hmain engmah a awmloh chuan engtinnge a rawn awm ngawt theih?. Keini kristiante chuan Pathian chu Eternity ani a, Universe pawh ama kutchhuak vek ani e kan tia, Atheists-te leh Scientists tamtak chuan Universe awmnan Pathian awm angailo, Big Bang hmangin a rawnawm ti mahse Singularity awm turin enge ngai, engtinnge a rawnawm ngawt theih? Tih chhanna an hre bik lo, khawvel Scientists thiam ber berte zawhna hriat chak loh zawng tak ani. Universe awmhma awmdan tur vel hi he khawvel mihringte ngaihtuah phak piah lam tun dinhmunah chuan anih hmel, chuvangin hemi chungchangah hi chuan ATHEISM leh THEISMte kan intluk tawk chiah.hahaaaa
Scientists-te rindanah chuan Singularity rawnawm chu a muk chhah(Dense) sa tial tialin a tawpah a puakkeh ang a, chutichuan Inflation hmangin atira muk chhah, te reuhte sa em em mai chu vawt lian chho tial tialin force innghahna pali gravity, Electromagnetism, Strong leh Weak Nuclear force-te chu rawnawm hrangin Quarks leh an antimatter kentel theuhte nen chuan a rawnawm chho tan ta a, matter leh antimatter chu intawngin a dang ho chu an rawn luahlan zel a, chu chuan Energy leh Matter pangai chak lo em em mai Hydrogen leh Helium rawn hnutchhiahin tuna kan Universe hi a rawn piang ta ani. Hemi ngaihdan hi 1950 khan Sir Fred Hoyle an BBC ah a puangchhuak nghe nghe. (ANTIMATTER: Elementary Particles te hian Anti-particle an nei vek, chu chu Antimatter an ti, Protons in Anti-protons, Neutrons in Anti-neutrons, Electrons in Anti-electrons chutiang zel in, heng zawng zawng hi POSITRONS tiin a hming an vuah leh a, antimatters te hian an composite Charge opposite zel an nei thin, entirnan Positrons chuan +1 charge a neih laiin Electrons chuan -1 electricity charge a nei thung ).
Scientists thenkhatte ngaihdanah chuan Big Bang tih hming ang hian thil puak ri dup(Explosion or Bang) chu a awm tak tak lo mai thei, he thil thleng lo hian space leh time chu rang takin engemaw vangin chak takin a zau tial tial zawk mai thei tih ngaihdan an nei, Balloon hampuar ang hian, Balloon chhungah i thawk luh chuan pawnlam(Outward) zawngin a lian tial tial thin.
BIG BANG HNU REILOTE A THIL THLEN DAN: Universe tirte(Singularity) angah kha chuan vawiin a kan hriat ang ‘Laws of Physics’ te hian awmzia an nei lova, chuvangin a rawn insiam tantirh lai vel awmdan tur chiang takin a sawi theih loh, mahse Scientists-te chuan Universe rawn insiam chhoh dan tur vel erawh a awmang deuha siamin Experiment-te pawh an bei tawh thung.
Scientists thenkhatte rindanah chuan kan Universe hi atirah chuan muk chhah tha zet mai leh sa em em ani ang a, Elementary Particles kan tih mai, PROTONS leh NEUTRONS-te tak ngial pawh a awm thei lovang, Matter chi hrang hrang(Matter leh Antimatter) chu anin sukhawm vak ang a, chu chuan Energy a siamchhuah an ring ta ani, Minute reilote hnuah chuan Universe chu vawt chho tial tialin Protons leh Neutrons rawn insiamin a hnuah Protons, Neutrons leh Electrons-te chu inzawm khawm lehin Hydrogen leh Helium tlem a siam ta a, chu chu kum Billion a ral leh meuh chuan Arsi, Planet, chuan Galaxies-te an rawn din ta rup mai ani.
1927 daih tawhah khan Roman Catholic puithiam leh Physicist ni bawk Goerge Lemaitre(Fatherof the Big Bang) chuan Universe te hi an Expand ngei a ni tih a rawn sawi ve leh ta a, he athilhmuhchhuahhi a hnu kumhnih 1929 ah Hubble an Redshift awm dan leh Galaxies hlat dan hian inlaichinna a nei tih a hmuhchhuah khan a rawn tawmpui(Support) ta chiah bawk. Hei hian a sawi tum chu Lemaitre’s Solutions ang in Galaxy te khi an kal hla tial tial a ni a rawn ti ta a ni.
1931 ah Lemaitre chuan a hma aia ril zawk in a zirchiang leh ta a. chuta a thil hmuhchhuah chu kum tamtak kal ta ah khan kan Universe a Matter ho hian awiawmloh khawp a muk(Dense) leh Temperature pawh tawp chin nei(Finite time) ah a awm tawh a ni, hei hian Universe in awm tan hun a neiin awiawmloh khawp a te ah leh muk chhah em em “ Dense point of Matter-premivalatom” ah a lo awm tawh ani tih a rawn ti chiang ta a ni.
Russian Cosmologist leh Mathematicians Alander Friedman chuan 1992 Ah khan Einstein theory zulzuiin Universe chu a zau tial tial tih a rawn hmuchhuak ve leh bawk a. a tir ah kha chuan Universe hi chelo chang lo(Static) leh insiamtan hun nei lo(Eternal) leh Universe chu Expand zel ani tih ngaihdan chu a diklo emaw tiin Einstein pawh in a Equations ah ‘Cosmological constant’ tih chu a belhphah ta a. hei hi a dam hun chhunga a hriatsual lianber a ni ang e an tih phah nghe nghe.
Tunah chuan Universe hi a Expand ngei a ni tih tichiang tu Observational evidence a awm thlap tawh a, 1912 khan American Astronomer Vesto Stipher chuan Galaxy che vel chu a han thlir ta a(Astronomers ten heng hun lai hian Milky way bak piah lamah Galaxy a awm a ni tih an hre lo, Spiral Nebulae hun lai vel ni awm tak a ni.)an Redshift ho chu a lo chhinchiah zel a, a thil hmuhchhuah chu khing Nibulae ho khi kan awmna lei atang in an hla tial tial tih a ni, chu a thil hmuhchhuah chuan a hunlai mithiamte ngaihdan a tawmpui loh avangin an kalh nasa em em mai a, chuvangin a thilhmuhchhuah chuan mithiamte ngaihven a hlawh teh chiam lo.
1924 or 1929(?) ah Astronomer Edwin Hubble chuan Universe a thilawmte(Objects) chet vel dan leh an hlat zawng hian inlaichinna a nei(Chu an chetvel dan leh an hlat zawng inlaichinna dan chu Hubble’s Law an vuah) chu a thil hmuhchuah hmang chuan Nebula te hlat dan tur vel a chhutna ah Nebula te khi Milky Way Galaxy mi an ni lo, Galaxy dang a mi te an ni tih leh Galaxy pakhat chauh awm lo vin, Galaxies tamtak an awm a ni tih a hmuchhuak a, Bing Bang theory hi Kum Billion sawm panga chuang vel a upa a ni tih ngaihdan chhutchhuah nan pawh he Hubble’s Law hi an hmang nghe nghe.
Big Bang theory hi Universe rawnawm chhoh tan danah Theory pawm tlanber leh Obsevational evidence pawh nei ngat a nih laiin MODEL chi dang amah ang thova evidence nei tha dang a awm ve tho mai, Theory dang te chuan Big Bang theory hi ngaihdan dik lo/ tan hmun dik loah ain nghat ani a ti ve thung a, mahse Universe Space-Time engtik lai pawh in a zau tial tial ani tih hmuhchhuah a nih avang in Theory dang ho chu hnawl leh vek an ni ta ani. Theory dang ho chuan kan Universe hi Static ah emaw a awm an ti a, Einsteina pawh in Theory of relativity ah Cosmological constant a belh phah, mahse Universe hi a zau tial tial a ni tih hmuhchhuah a nih hnu ah a Equation pawh a siamthat leh phah. Big Bang theory in a sawilawk leh dang chu, Universe hi kan awmna atang hian a tawlh lian/hla tial tial, vanlam boruak zau takah khian I mit han len chho ta la, engang Direction pawh in Space lamah khian en chho la, kan awmna atanga an hlat dan a zir zel a kal ve thil tam tak I hmu ang, he thil mak tak mai hi REDSHIFT tih a ni, entirnan nan I kiang a Motor chak tak a tlan emaw I tih kha hla tak atangin kha Motor tlan kha en chuan a hmun a en aiin a tlanmual hmel zawk, a chhan chu a Velocity kha I awmna leh Motor inkar a zir zel in I hmu danglam mai a ni, arsi thlawkte pawh khi kum tamtak kal ta ai chuan an thlawh muan hmel tawh zawk, a chhan chu kan Universe a Expand tial tial avangin kan hmuhdan pawh a danglam phah a ni.
BIG BANG FINFIAHNA AN TIH (CMB): Cosmic Microwave Background(CMB), Penzias leh Wilson ten an hmuhchuah khan Big Bang a Echo(Rithangkhawk)kan tih mai rawn nemnghet in Big Bang sulhnu a mi ngei tih a ni. 1960’s leh 1970’s chho vel ah kha chuan he theory, Big Bang hian fak a hlawh teh chiam lova, mahse CMB an hmuhchuah a tang a kum sawm vel a ralhnu ah he CMB hi a diklo ani tia hnialkalhtu a neih tak loh ah chuan he Theory pawh hian pawmpuitu rawn nei tamchho in CMB hmuchhuaktute pahnih Wilson leh Penzias ten 1978 ah Nobel Prize in Physics an dawn phah nghe nghe. Universe hian insiam tan hun a neih chuan chumi rawn awm tan chhuichhuah nan engemaw tak thil hnutchhiah a neih a ngai a, chu a thilhnutchhiah Sound chu CMB signal chuan a lo hmu ta a ni. Chuvang in ‘The Signature of the original sound’ an tih phah nghial a, hei chauh lo pawh Big Bang khan in ‘ Heat signature ‘ he kan boruak (Space) zawng zawng ah hian a hnutchhiah e an ti bawk a, vawiin ang ah chuan CMB hian 2.7 kelvin vel chauh temperature nei tawhin Microwave signal pawh a rawn ti chiang ta ani. CMB hian Universe kan hmuh theih zawng zawng ah hian a tlangpuiin a in semdarh vek a, he CMB hian Big Bang a thleng ngei a ni tih nemnghettu leh ti chiangtu a ni e an ti, mahse hei hi a diklo theihdan pawh a awm tho, ziak lang tawh kher lo mai ang aw……………
STEADY STATE THEORY
Steady State Theory in a sawi danah chuan Matter tharte chu kan Universe Expand chung zelin leh Universe Density leh Temperature chu eng emaw hun lai khan a Constant ta a,chu chuan Matter thar dang a rawn siam belh . Hoyle sawi danah chuan “ Hydrogen leh Helium atangin Element muk tha zawk (Denser Elements) chu ‘Stellar Necleosynthesishmangin a rawn awm a ni” a ti ve leh bawk.
George Gamow: A ni hi Friedman student hlui ni in Big Bang rawn auchhuah/tharthawh ve leh tu a ni. Ralp Alpher leh Roberth Herman te ho nen thawk dunin an ni chuan Radiation chi khat Cosmic Microwave background(CMB)Radiation kan tih mai hi Universe ah hian a awm a. Heng Radiation ho hi Big Bang tlem la bang te kha an ni an rawn ti ve leh a. ‘Recombination Era’ ah Atom rawn in siam chuan Microwave radiation ( Light rawnin siam) chu rawn pawm puiin chu radiation chu Universe ah a rawnin semdarh ta ani. Gamow sawi danah chuan heng Microwave radiation te hi vawiin ni thleng in hmuh theih (Observeable) an ni e a ti.
INFLATION THEORY
Inflation theory chuan Big Bang hnu a Universe rawnin siam dan vel ah Quantum Physics leh Particle physics te atangin hrilhfiah a tum a, Inflation theory danah chuan Universe hi Unstable Energy State ah awm in chu chuan Universe tirte mai chu chak leh rang em em maiin a rawn ti lian (Expand) ta ani. Kan Universe hi kum tam tak kalta a alen dan nen chuan inthlau tak ani tawh. Telescopes tha chungchuang nena hmuh theih piah lamah an inzarpharh dul mai ani. Ahnu zel thil thleng he Theory in a sawifiah te chu, Energy te chu in ang tlang (Uniform) veka a insemdarh dan leh Spacetime a flat geometry te an ni.
Vawiin a kan Inflation theory hriat, mithiam tam tak ten Big Bang theory thlen tirtu zinga an pawmtlan Theory hi Alan Guth (Particle Physicist) 1980 khan a develop a, the ‘Central ideas of Big Bang theory’ ti hial a an sawi Inflation theory chu zirchian zel tum ta ila….
INFLATION THEORY INTAN DAN: Sawi tawh angin Big Bang theory chu finfiah tawh leh Science thu dik ang a pawm tawh a ni a, chu finfiahna chu Cosmic Microwave Background(CMB)radiation khan a ti chiang ta ani. Finfiah vek tawh Theory ang a ngaih ni mahse chhanna harsa tak mai pathum “The three major problems of Inflation theory” a la awm cheu mai. Chung Problems pathum te chu:
1.The homogeneity problem( Big Bang hnu second khat lek ah awihawm lo khawp a in ang tlangin (uniform) engtin nge Energy-te Universe ah a rawn in semdarh theih?.)
2.The flatness problem.
3.The predicted over production of Magnetic Poles.
Big Bang model a alan dan chuan Universe hi Flat ni lovin a Curve a, chu vang chuan Energy te chu hmun tinah insem rualna a thleng vek lo, chu bakah magnetic monopoles a tam lutuk bawk heng ho hian finfiah tawhna zawng zawng nen an inmil lo vek.
Cornell University ah Roberth Dicke a zirtirna hnuaiah Particle Physicist Alan Guth khan kum 1978 ah a zir a, chu mi hnu kum reilo teah Universe tira Inflation Model insiam dan leh awm vel danah Guth an ngaihdan thar a nei leh ta a. 23rd January 1980 khan chu a ngaihdan leh a thil hmuhchhuah chu Stanford Linear Acceleration Center-ah lecture a pe nghe nghe. Chu a ‘Revolutionary Idea’ ah chuan Quantum Physics bulpui Particles physics lairilah Universe tan tir Big Bang kha a Apply theih a ni a ti ta a, a sawidanah chuan Big Bang thlenhnu reilo teah khan Universe rawnin siam turin “Negative Pressure Vacuum Energy” (tunlaia Dark Energy kan tih nen hian ain ang mai awm e) chuan chak leh rang em em maiin a rawn tidarh zauta aniang tih ngaihdan anei a, Theory dangte nen ngaihdan thuhmun tho angin lang mahse danglamna tlem erawh he Inflation Theory hian ahnuah a rawn nei leh chho a, Energy sang em em mai nen Universe hi a in siam a ni ang. Thermodynamics sawina ah pawh Universe rang tak a Expand theihna turin a Density chuan forced nasa tak a pe ani tiin.
Engtin nge rang tawk chuan a Expand theih? 10-35 second a piangin Universe a let thawk thawkin a lian zel ang a. 10-30 Second chhung lekin a mah let 100,000 a lianah a insiam dawn a ni. He tianga alen belhna hi Flat problem in a Expand theih dan tur tawk vela a sawi aia tam niin Universe hi a insiam tirhin Curvature a nei ang a, mahse chu chu vawiin a Flat ang a lang thei tur khawp hian a Expand ta ani. Hei tak hian Flat problem chu a rawn su kiang leh tlat mai( he kan chenna khawvel kei mahni a Flat anga awm tur hian a lian tawk em em a, he kan chenna khawvel a sphere piah lamah chuan a curved ruih mai ani)
Chutiang bawkin Universe insiam laiin Energy-te pawh hi ain semdarh nghal vek angai. A chhan chu he kan chenna khawvel pawh hi Universe zinga pakhat ve mai chauh a nia, mahse he khawvelah pawh hian khang Energy-te kha an awm ve si chuan Universe a tira ain Expand lai khan khawvelah pawh chung Energy in semdarh te chu a hnutchhiah ve ta ani. Rang taka Universe a expand lai khan Energy-te insem darh lo chu nise kan chenna atang hian hlatakah an awm angai a, mahse he kan chenna khawvelah pawh a perceive tlat sia, chuvangin hei hian Homogeneity tih Problem a sukiang e tih ngaihdan a awm.
REFINING THEORY:Ngaihdantam tak leh theory chi hrang hrang Inflation chungchangah hian a awm a, chung Theory a problem awm Guth chhan theihna ber chu Universe a tira rawn Expand vak ang kha thleng nawn tawh lovin a in chhunzawm char char a tia, hemi ngaihdan hi tunhnua Theory an hmuhchhuah ho a tang hian a dik hmel khawp mai.
Hetiang a chakin Universe a in Expand zel anih chuan Universe tirte awmdan Sidney Cole ngaihdan a diklo tihna ani, sawidanah chuan Universe a Phase transition kha Bubbles insiamte inzawmkhawm vang ani a tia, chuan Inflation rawn awmin chung Bubbles te chu chatuan atan anin thehdarh ta ani.
Hetiang dan hi Russia Physicist Andre Linde chuan rawn beiin hemi Problem chinfelna dang tha zawka ngaih chu a rawn duang ve leh ta a, he hunlai hi ‘Iron Curtain’ hunlai vel kha ani awm e(1980’s chho vel). Andreas Albrecht leh Paul J. Steinhart-te pawhin he Andre Linde Theory ang tho hi a hnuah an rawn siam ve leh. (IRON CURTAIN: Cold war(1945-1991),Soviet Communist ramin aluah,Europe a Western and Southern Capitalist leh Eastern inkar a Physical, Ideological Military Division sawifiahna ani)
Hetiang Theory(Inflation) ang deuh reuh chu 1980’s chho velah chi hrang hrang an duang a, chuta tang chuan hmasawn chho zelin vawiin a kan Theory hi rawn piangin Big Bang theoryah pawimawhna a rawn nei chho ta ani.
NASA Program,The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) 2001 an din chuan kum thum chhung Data an chhinchhiah ho, 2006 a an tih chhuah chuan he inflation Theory a dikzia a rawn nemnghet leh a, mahse hemi Theory nen inmil chiah lo Theory tlem erawh a awm tho mai. (hemi Theory chungchangah hian engmah hi dik famkim a awmlo tih hriat atha, vawiin a dik emaw an tih hi kum tam aliam hnuah a diklo thei, chutiang bawkin vawiin a diklo emaw an tih pawh hi nakinah a lo dik leh zawk thei.) he thil hmuhchhuah anih avang hian WMAP Project a thawk pahnih John C. Mather leh George Smoot ten Nobel prize in Physics an dawn phah nghe nghe.
INFLATION THEORY HMINGDANGTE:Inflation Theory hian chi hrang hrang a sawina anei a,chung te chu:
1.Cosmological Inflation.
2.Cosmic Inflation.
3.Old Inflation (Guth theory duan, 1980 vel ami kha.)
4.New Inflation Theory ( Bubble insiam dan leh an in thendarh dan vel sawina theory ..) or Slow Roll Inflation.
Hemi Theory ang deuh Theory dang a awm ve leha, chungte chu Chaotic Inflation leh Eternal Inflation te an ni. Heng theory-te hi Inflation kan sawi takte nen khan danglamna chhete chauh an neia(a inang tep tihna anih chu), he Theory danah chuan Inflation Mechanism hi Big Bang hnulawka thleng chawpchilh nghal mai ni lovin engtik lai pawhin he Space hmun hrang hrangah hian a thleng reng a, tin Bubble universe kan sawi ang kha rang taka insiam belh zelin Multiverse pakhat ni turin a rawnin dinchhuak ta ani. Physicists tamtak chuan heng Theory-te pawh hi Inflation nen inang reng niin an sawi, chuvangin danglamna awm vak turah ngaihtur a nilo.
COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT
20th Century tir lamah khan Scientist Albert Einstein chuan Theory of Relativity a duang chhuak a, chutah chuan Mass leh Light interact vel dan pawh a sawifiah tel nghe nghe.
A equations hi a ril ang bawkin harsatna a awm tlat mai, he Theory sawidanah chuan Universe chu a Expand emaw Contract tiin (lian tial tial emaw te tial tial). Mahse khang hunlai a Observational Evidence lan danah chuan Universe hi Completely Static ani anti.
Hei hi a chhan chu Scientists ten hriat fuh loh pakhat an nei, chu chu zan a Nebula(hla taka Arsi awmkhawm) phe leuh leuh emaw an tih ho chu Nebula an lo ni vek kher lova, Galaxies dang ami te niin leh an Universe hriat leh suangtuah aiin a takah chuan a lian daih zawk.
Einstein pawn Equation a Universe Expand thu chu paihin Cosmological Constant chu a belh leh ta zawk a, ahnu reiloteah Edwin Hubble an kan Universe chu a Expand zel thu leh Galaxies tam tak a awm thu arawn Demonstrate leh sia, hei vang hian a hnuah Equation, General relativity a abelh leh Cosmological Constant kha “The biggest blunder of his life” an tih phah hial ani, mahse ani chiah em? (Dark Matter leh Energy a awm tak tak chuan…..)
DARK MATTER LEH DARK ENERGY
Dark Matter hianin ElectromagneticRadiation a pek chhuah (Emit/Reflect)loh avangin Matter chhuichian ngai tak ani a, Arsi-te Galaxies-te Matter hmuhtheih(Visible) Gravitational Effects dan atangin Dark Matter awm thu hi hriatchhuah chauh ani.
Dark Matter hi a awmngei ani tih hriat ni tawh mahse he khawvel mihring thiamna hianin enge anih chiah tih chhuichiang tur hian ankhawl neih hianin a detect thei bawk silova, Matter dang ho ti buai lovin leh hnuhma engmah hnutchhiah miah lovin an su tlang hmiah hmiah thin tih bak hriat an nei lo. Kan Universe-ah hian Dark Matter-te hi an tam em em mai a, chuvangin kan universe a Arsi-te hian hipna nasa tak nei mahse a pawt hla tial tial mai ani. He kan Universe a thil awmte hian inhip tawnna nasa tak nei lo phei sela chuan in ngai chung zelin a pawt then darh vek tawh mai awm e, he thil thleng lova hipna neia siamtu kan Pathian hi ava ropui em. Kum maktaduai tel aliam hnuah phei chuan Chawngmawii leh Hrangchhuana pawh in ngai hle mahse hla taka inthennani he Dark Matter-te hian an siam sak dawn anih hmel… (Lung a chhe tlat love story lam ziah chhunzawm nhal mai dawn maw nile...hihiiii)..
Dark Energy pawh hi Energy finfiah ngai, Space leh Negative Pressure-ah a inzar pharh a, Matter hmutheihte a Gravitational Effects, Theoretical leh Observational result inkar danglam dan vel a Gravitational Effects atangin a awm ani tih hriatchhuah ani a, Dark matter nen hian Astronomical Objects inkar a Gravitational interactions an observed-na atangin chhuichian theih chauh an ni a, Dark Energy tih tawngkam hi Theoretical Cosmologist Michael S.Turner-a rawn vawrh chhuah ani. Gravity angin Mass neite inkar hlat zawngah a in nghat ve lova, chu tak chu Gravity aia kan Universe chungnung chhan ani. Arsi leh Arsi-te inkarah thawkin a hla thei ang berah pawh then a tum thin a, mahse Gravity-in a lo pawh khawm ve avangin muangchang bakin a pawt hla thei lova, Arsi-te anin hlat tual tual avangin Gravity pawh a chak lo tual tual a, mahse Dark Energy chu ala ngai reng sia, hei vang hian kan Universe pawh hi a Expand chak phah em em ani. Dark Matter siamtute hi Atom ani lova, kan hmuhtheih leh khawih theih Atom siam ho hi chu ‘Baryonic Matter’ an tia, Dark matter-te erawh chu Baryons-te siam anih ve loh avangin ‘Non Baryonic Matter’ an ti ve thung. Science thiamnain a hriat ngai loh leh a hmuhtheih loh Particles-te siam anih avangin zirchian a harsat phah ani.
DARK MATTER LEH DARK ENERGY HMUHCHHUAH DAN: Kum 1998 khan Teams pahnih ‘The Super Nova Cosmology Project leh The High-Z Supernova’ teamte chuan kan Universe Expand dan hi a nep tial tial tih ngaihdan neiin chhuichian an tum ta a, mahse an ngaihdan chu a diklo chiang kher mai. Kan Universe Expand dan hi nep tial tial ni lovin ngaihtuah phak bakin a Expand chak tial tial tih an hmuchhuak ta daih zawk. ( Stephen Weinberg-a kha kan Universe a expand chak tial tial ani tih sawichhuak hmasatu ani.)
Hemi ti chiang tur hian kum 1998 tho khan he kan Universe a thil awmte hian a tir aiin anin hlat tial tial a, chu anin hlat tial tialna rate pawh chu a chak tial tial(Faster) tih an rawn hmuchhuak leh ta ani. Einstein-an a diklo emaw tia a siamthat leh Cosmological Constant kha he Dark Energy hnathawh danah rawn dik ta chiahin leh hemi chungchang chhuichian theihna Theory awmchhun ani bawk. Einstein’s Theory of Relativity chuan Gravity hian engpawh a hip thei vek a, Eng zunzam pawh a hip thei ani ati a, chumi chu hmang tangkaiin Dark matter-in Eng zunzam a lo hip kawi dan a tang ten an chhui ta ani.
An hmuhchhuah hnuhnun ber a alan danah phei chuan he kan Universe in siam nan hian 70% lai mai hi Dark Energy leh Dark Matter-te an ni tih ani a, chhuichianna a alan danah phei chuan he kan Universe insiamnan hian 4% chauh Matter hmuhtheih ten pawimawhna anei tih anih leh ta zel tlat mai. Chuvangin he Dark Energy leh Dark Matter-te chet vel dan leh awmdan hi tunlai Cosmologists ho Theoretical leh Observational Goals pakhat ani.
Hmingdang a sawina atan Vacuum Energy, Vacuum Pressure, Negative Pressure, leh Cosmological Constant tih te an ni.
ASTRONOMY LEH SPACE (SOLAR SYSTEM LEH UNIVERSE RAWN AWM DAN)
*KUM BILLION 15 KALTA AWMDAN: Kum billion 15 liamtaah khan Big Bang rawn thlengin, Universe chu rawn intanin chu chuan Space, Time, Matter, leh Energyte chu Cataclysm in a in siam ta a, chungho chu vawiin thleng hian Universeah an awm hlen ta ani. Big Bang hma chuan heng Time, Space, Energy, matter hi an awm lo anga ngaih ani, Hemi Big Bang hma “ENGMAH AWMLO” hun lai vel tur hi Scientists-te ngaihtuah phak piah lam ani.
BIG BANG HNU LAWK A THILTHLENG: Big Bang zawh Second hmun maktaduai a thena hmunkhatah Universe chu a rawn lian tan tial tial nghal a, chu chu rawn vawtin leh pan(less dense) tial tialin Gravity a rawn awm tan a, Matter te rawn awm tan nghalin Particles Building Block kan tih mai Quarks, Leptons, Photons, leh Neutrinos te an rawn awm chho ta ani. Protons leh Neutrons chuan Atoms zawng zawng Nuclei a rawn siam a, Protons leh Neutrons in Combine chuan Hydrogen, Helium leh Lithium, leh Atomic Nuclei a rawn din chho ve leh ta ani.
BIG BANG HNU KUM 10,000: RADIATION ERA: Energy tam berte chu Radiation, Light Wave Length hrang hrang, X-rays, Radio waves leh Ultraviolet rays angin an awm ta a, Universe chu lian tial tialin heng Radiation ho pawh in zar pharh zau zelin an lo dal(Dilute) tial tial ta ani.
BIG BANG HNU KUM 300,000: MATTER DOMINATION ERA: A tira Temperature sa em em pawh kha vawt tial tialin 5000 Degrees Fahreheit vel a rawn nia, Matter leh Radiation a Energy-te chu an rawn intluk ta a, Universe Expand zel chuan Light Waves-te pawh semdarh zelin Energy chu ati hniam chho ve zel bawk a, Matter-ah erawh nghawng awm teh chiam lovin, Atomic Nuclei chu Electrons chuan a rawn bawr tan ta a, atawp atawpah Hydrogen leh Helium Atoms-in Arsite in siamna tur ‘FUEL’ a rawn siam ta ani.
BIG BANG HNU KUM 300,000,000: ARSI LEH GALAXY-TE AN IN SIAM: Gravity Force chuan Gaseos Matter-te Density-ah Irregularities Effect a rawn nei chho a, Universe pawh chu zau tial tialin Pockets of Gas a rawn in siam a, chu chu in sawh muk tial tialin, Arsi alh rawn piangin hmunkhatah an rawn awmkhawm ta a, chuan Galaxies hmasa ho a rawn siam leh ta ani.
KUM BILLION 5 KALTA AWMDAN: KAN SOLAR SYSTEM A IN SIAM: Tuna Milky Way kan tih Spiral Arm-ah Gas nawi khu vel chuan NI a siam ve leh a, Gas khu nawi keh them tam tak chuan THLA, ASTEROIDS PLANETS-te a rawn pian tir ve leh ta ani.
KUM 3.8 BILLION KAL TA AWMDAN:NUNNA A RAWN AWM: Kan chenna khawvel(Earth) chu a vawt tawh a, Atmosphere chu awm tanin Microscopic Cells a rawnin siam tan a, thlai hnah emaw rannung a la ni rih lo.
KUM 700,000,000 KALTA AWMDAN: ANIMALS APPEARED: Flatworm, Jellyfish leh Algae ang deuhte chu an rawnawm tan a, kum maktaduai 130 hnuah thilnung siamtu leh Hard shells-te chu an rawn awm tan chho ve nghal(Evolutionringtute tan in Ancestor-te an nih khi…heheeee.)
KUM 200,00O,000 KALTA AWMDAN:MAMMALS-TE AN RAWN PIANG: Mammals hmasa ho chu Reptile-te atangin an rawn evolve chho tan a, chuan Mammalion Traits ho a rawn develop tan nghal.
KUM 65,000,000 KALTA AWMDAN: DINOSAURS-TE AN THIMANG VEK: Asteroids/Comets, Mexico a Yucatan Peninsula-Northern Part-ah a tla a, he thil thleng hian kum tam tak chhung he khawvel a loawm/cheng ve tawh Dinosaurs-te tan chhiatna leh tawpna ni a rawn thlen ta, Mammals chi hrang hrang an rawn in siam belh.
KUM 600,000 KALTA AWMDAN:HOMO SAPIENS EMERGED: Tuna America khawi hmunah emaw chuan thahtu(A theist-te Ancestors) hmasa ho atan mihring chi(Human species) te chu Apes(Zawng mei neilo) atangin a rawn evolved.
KUM 170,000 KALTA AWMDAN:SUPERNOVA 1987A EXPLODED(PUAK):Arsi, Magellanic Cloud tih a hriat leh hrawl zet chu a puak a, hei hi NI aiin Blue Supergiant 25 letin a hrawl lian zawk.
KUM BC 8000: Maya ten Astronomical an remkhawm(Constructed).
KUM BC 4000: Egyptian Institute the 365 day Calendar.
He theory hi a dik e ka ti lova, chutiang bawkin ka Deny vek lem lo. Dik tamtak erawh a awm ka ring, Pathian pawhin Big Bang hmangin Universe a lo siam maithei asin! tuman a hre si lo.
Kum 1959 khan American Scientists-te zingah Universe chungchanga an ngaihdan Survey-na neih niin zawhna pakhat inang theuh zawh an ni a, Universe upat zawngah hian enge I ngaihdan? tih zawhna ani. Scientists hmunthum a thena hmunhnih aia tam zawk mah chuan mak deuh maiin kan Universe hian intan hun aneilo, tawpchin neilo(Eternal) atang a rawn awm ani an ti mauh mai, keini Creationist(Pathian thilsiam anih ringtute) ringtu ten Pathian hianin siamtu a mamawh lo, tawp chin neilo atanga rawn awm(Eternity) kan tih pawh hian a diklohna a awm chuang love, Scientists thiam tak takte pawhin 1959 velah kha chuan universe intan hun atan Eternity an lo ring ve tho mai.
1959 atanga kumnga ralhnuah (1964) Radio astronomers pahnih Arno Penzias leh Robert Wilson, Bell Telephone Laboratories a an thawh laiin an Data a Microwave Signal lo inphum ru reng mai chu an hmuchhuak(Detect) ta hlauh mai, chu Microwave signal chu Signal dangte atang a thliarhran tumin an bei ta a, a tirah chuan ri bengchheng mai mai emaw an ti a, mahse an han finfiah meuh chuan Cosmic Microwave Background(CMB)lo ni rengin, he CMB hunlai mithiam tlemte chauhina an rin Big Bang theory-in a lo sawilawk tawh achu ani. He CMB hian 1959 a Scientists-te ngaihdan rawn kalhin Universe hian intan hun anei tih tichiangtu(Evidence) hmasa ber a rawn ni ta ani.
Universe-in intan hun anei tih hmuhchhuah anih meuhah chuan scientists-te zingah zawhna pawimawh em em mai a siamnghal a, engtinnge he universe hi thil awm lo ata a rawnawm ngawt theih? hemi hma hian enge awm?. Scientists-te chuan zawhna pakhat zawk an chhan naah chuan Physicists hoin Singularity an tih mai hi ain tanna ani e anti a, mahse space huamchin awmdan an sawifiahna chuanin Law of physics-ah zawhna khirh zet mai chhan theih loh a siam leh ta tho mai, mahse Black Hole lairilahte pawh khian Singularity hi a awm ngei rin ani.
Question pakhat zawk Big Bang hmain enge awm? Tih zawhna pawh hianin Scientists-te a chawk buai ta tho mai, an chhan danah chuan atir aia awm hmasa tur zawk engmah a awm lo(Nothing exist prior to the beginning). Mahse chu chuan zawhna chhan ahnekin zawhna tam zawk a siamchhuak a, Singularity hmain engmah a awmloh chuan engtinnge a rawn awm ngawt theih?. Keini kristiante chuan Pathian chu Eternity ani a, Universe pawh ama kutchhuak vek ani e kan tia, Atheists-te leh Scientists tamtak chuan Universe awmnan Pathian awm angailo, Big Bang hmangin a rawnawm ti mahse Singularity awm turin enge ngai, engtinnge a rawnawm ngawt theih? Tih chhanna an hre bik lo, khawvel Scientists thiam ber berte zawhna hriat chak loh zawng tak ani. Universe awmhma awmdan tur vel hi he khawvel mihringte ngaihtuah phak piah lam tun dinhmunah chuan anih hmel, chuvangin hemi chungchangah hi chuan ATHEISM leh THEISMte kan intluk tawk chiah.hahaaaa
Scientists-te rindanah chuan Singularity rawnawm chu a muk chhah(Dense) sa tial tialin a tawpah a puakkeh ang a, chutichuan Inflation hmangin atira muk chhah, te reuhte sa em em mai chu vawt lian chho tial tialin force innghahna pali gravity, Electromagnetism, Strong leh Weak Nuclear force-te chu rawnawm hrangin Quarks leh an antimatter kentel theuhte nen chuan a rawnawm chho tan ta a, matter leh antimatter chu intawngin a dang ho chu an rawn luahlan zel a, chu chuan Energy leh Matter pangai chak lo em em mai Hydrogen leh Helium rawn hnutchhiahin tuna kan Universe hi a rawn piang ta ani. Hemi ngaihdan hi 1950 khan Sir Fred Hoyle an BBC ah a puangchhuak nghe nghe. (ANTIMATTER: Elementary Particles te hian Anti-particle an nei vek, chu chu Antimatter an ti, Protons in Anti-protons, Neutrons in Anti-neutrons, Electrons in Anti-electrons chutiang zel in, heng zawng zawng hi POSITRONS tiin a hming an vuah leh a, antimatters te hian an composite Charge opposite zel an nei thin, entirnan Positrons chuan +1 charge a neih laiin Electrons chuan -1 electricity charge a nei thung ).
Scientists thenkhatte ngaihdanah chuan Big Bang tih hming ang hian thil puak ri dup(Explosion or Bang) chu a awm tak tak lo mai thei, he thil thleng lo hian space leh time chu rang takin engemaw vangin chak takin a zau tial tial zawk mai thei tih ngaihdan an nei, Balloon hampuar ang hian, Balloon chhungah i thawk luh chuan pawnlam(Outward) zawngin a lian tial tial thin.
BIG BANG HNU REILOTE A THIL THLEN DAN: Universe tirte(Singularity) angah kha chuan vawiin a kan hriat ang ‘Laws of Physics’ te hian awmzia an nei lova, chuvangin a rawn insiam tantirh lai vel awmdan tur chiang takin a sawi theih loh, mahse Scientists-te chuan Universe rawn insiam chhoh dan tur vel erawh a awmang deuha siamin Experiment-te pawh an bei tawh thung.
Scientists thenkhatte rindanah chuan kan Universe hi atirah chuan muk chhah tha zet mai leh sa em em ani ang a, Elementary Particles kan tih mai, PROTONS leh NEUTRONS-te tak ngial pawh a awm thei lovang, Matter chi hrang hrang(Matter leh Antimatter) chu anin sukhawm vak ang a, chu chuan Energy a siamchhuah an ring ta ani, Minute reilote hnuah chuan Universe chu vawt chho tial tialin Protons leh Neutrons rawn insiamin a hnuah Protons, Neutrons leh Electrons-te chu inzawm khawm lehin Hydrogen leh Helium tlem a siam ta a, chu chu kum Billion a ral leh meuh chuan Arsi, Planet, chuan Galaxies-te an rawn din ta rup mai ani.
1927 daih tawhah khan Roman Catholic puithiam leh Physicist ni bawk Goerge Lemaitre(Fatherof the Big Bang) chuan Universe te hi an Expand ngei a ni tih a rawn sawi ve leh ta a, he athilhmuhchhuahhi a hnu kumhnih 1929 ah Hubble an Redshift awm dan leh Galaxies hlat dan hian inlaichinna a nei tih a hmuhchhuah khan a rawn tawmpui(Support) ta chiah bawk. Hei hian a sawi tum chu Lemaitre’s Solutions ang in Galaxy te khi an kal hla tial tial a ni a rawn ti ta a ni.
1931 ah Lemaitre chuan a hma aia ril zawk in a zirchiang leh ta a. chuta a thil hmuhchhuah chu kum tamtak kal ta ah khan kan Universe a Matter ho hian awiawmloh khawp a muk(Dense) leh Temperature pawh tawp chin nei(Finite time) ah a awm tawh a ni, hei hian Universe in awm tan hun a neiin awiawmloh khawp a te ah leh muk chhah em em “ Dense point of Matter-premivalatom” ah a lo awm tawh ani tih a rawn ti chiang ta a ni.
Russian Cosmologist leh Mathematicians Alander Friedman chuan 1992 Ah khan Einstein theory zulzuiin Universe chu a zau tial tial tih a rawn hmuchhuak ve leh bawk a. a tir ah kha chuan Universe hi chelo chang lo(Static) leh insiamtan hun nei lo(Eternal) leh Universe chu Expand zel ani tih ngaihdan chu a diklo emaw tiin Einstein pawh in a Equations ah ‘Cosmological constant’ tih chu a belhphah ta a. hei hi a dam hun chhunga a hriatsual lianber a ni ang e an tih phah nghe nghe.
Tunah chuan Universe hi a Expand ngei a ni tih tichiang tu Observational evidence a awm thlap tawh a, 1912 khan American Astronomer Vesto Stipher chuan Galaxy che vel chu a han thlir ta a(Astronomers ten heng hun lai hian Milky way bak piah lamah Galaxy a awm a ni tih an hre lo, Spiral Nebulae hun lai vel ni awm tak a ni.)an Redshift ho chu a lo chhinchiah zel a, a thil hmuhchhuah chu khing Nibulae ho khi kan awmna lei atang in an hla tial tial tih a ni, chu a thil hmuhchhuah chuan a hunlai mithiamte ngaihdan a tawmpui loh avangin an kalh nasa em em mai a, chuvangin a thilhmuhchhuah chuan mithiamte ngaihven a hlawh teh chiam lo.
1924 or 1929(?) ah Astronomer Edwin Hubble chuan Universe a thilawmte(Objects) chet vel dan leh an hlat zawng hian inlaichinna a nei(Chu an chetvel dan leh an hlat zawng inlaichinna dan chu Hubble’s Law an vuah) chu a thil hmuhchuah hmang chuan Nebula te hlat dan tur vel a chhutna ah Nebula te khi Milky Way Galaxy mi an ni lo, Galaxy dang a mi te an ni tih leh Galaxy pakhat chauh awm lo vin, Galaxies tamtak an awm a ni tih a hmuchhuak a, Bing Bang theory hi Kum Billion sawm panga chuang vel a upa a ni tih ngaihdan chhutchhuah nan pawh he Hubble’s Law hi an hmang nghe nghe.
Big Bang theory hi Universe rawnawm chhoh tan danah Theory pawm tlanber leh Obsevational evidence pawh nei ngat a nih laiin MODEL chi dang amah ang thova evidence nei tha dang a awm ve tho mai, Theory dang te chuan Big Bang theory hi ngaihdan dik lo/ tan hmun dik loah ain nghat ani a ti ve thung a, mahse Universe Space-Time engtik lai pawh in a zau tial tial ani tih hmuhchhuah a nih avang in Theory dang ho chu hnawl leh vek an ni ta ani. Theory dang ho chuan kan Universe hi Static ah emaw a awm an ti a, Einsteina pawh in Theory of relativity ah Cosmological constant a belh phah, mahse Universe hi a zau tial tial a ni tih hmuhchhuah a nih hnu ah a Equation pawh a siamthat leh phah. Big Bang theory in a sawilawk leh dang chu, Universe hi kan awmna atang hian a tawlh lian/hla tial tial, vanlam boruak zau takah khian I mit han len chho ta la, engang Direction pawh in Space lamah khian en chho la, kan awmna atanga an hlat dan a zir zel a kal ve thil tam tak I hmu ang, he thil mak tak mai hi REDSHIFT tih a ni, entirnan nan I kiang a Motor chak tak a tlan emaw I tih kha hla tak atangin kha Motor tlan kha en chuan a hmun a en aiin a tlanmual hmel zawk, a chhan chu a Velocity kha I awmna leh Motor inkar a zir zel in I hmu danglam mai a ni, arsi thlawkte pawh khi kum tamtak kal ta ai chuan an thlawh muan hmel tawh zawk, a chhan chu kan Universe a Expand tial tial avangin kan hmuhdan pawh a danglam phah a ni.
BIG BANG FINFIAHNA AN TIH (CMB): Cosmic Microwave Background(CMB), Penzias leh Wilson ten an hmuhchuah khan Big Bang a Echo(Rithangkhawk)kan tih mai rawn nemnghet in Big Bang sulhnu a mi ngei tih a ni. 1960’s leh 1970’s chho vel ah kha chuan he theory, Big Bang hian fak a hlawh teh chiam lova, mahse CMB an hmuhchuah a tang a kum sawm vel a ralhnu ah he CMB hi a diklo ani tia hnialkalhtu a neih tak loh ah chuan he Theory pawh hian pawmpuitu rawn nei tamchho in CMB hmuchhuaktute pahnih Wilson leh Penzias ten 1978 ah Nobel Prize in Physics an dawn phah nghe nghe. Universe hian insiam tan hun a neih chuan chumi rawn awm tan chhuichhuah nan engemaw tak thil hnutchhiah a neih a ngai a, chu a thilhnutchhiah Sound chu CMB signal chuan a lo hmu ta a ni. Chuvang in ‘The Signature of the original sound’ an tih phah nghial a, hei chauh lo pawh Big Bang khan in ‘ Heat signature ‘ he kan boruak (Space) zawng zawng ah hian a hnutchhiah e an ti bawk a, vawiin ang ah chuan CMB hian 2.7 kelvin vel chauh temperature nei tawhin Microwave signal pawh a rawn ti chiang ta ani. CMB hian Universe kan hmuh theih zawng zawng ah hian a tlangpuiin a in semdarh vek a, he CMB hian Big Bang a thleng ngei a ni tih nemnghettu leh ti chiangtu a ni e an ti, mahse hei hi a diklo theihdan pawh a awm tho, ziak lang tawh kher lo mai ang aw……………
STEADY STATE THEORY
Steady State Theory in a sawi danah chuan Matter tharte chu kan Universe Expand chung zelin leh Universe Density leh Temperature chu eng emaw hun lai khan a Constant ta a,chu chuan Matter thar dang a rawn siam belh . Hoyle sawi danah chuan “ Hydrogen leh Helium atangin Element muk tha zawk (Denser Elements) chu ‘Stellar Necleosynthesishmangin a rawn awm a ni” a ti ve leh bawk.
George Gamow: A ni hi Friedman student hlui ni in Big Bang rawn auchhuah/tharthawh ve leh tu a ni. Ralp Alpher leh Roberth Herman te ho nen thawk dunin an ni chuan Radiation chi khat Cosmic Microwave background(CMB)Radiation kan tih mai hi Universe ah hian a awm a. Heng Radiation ho hi Big Bang tlem la bang te kha an ni an rawn ti ve leh a. ‘Recombination Era’ ah Atom rawn in siam chuan Microwave radiation ( Light rawnin siam) chu rawn pawm puiin chu radiation chu Universe ah a rawnin semdarh ta ani. Gamow sawi danah chuan heng Microwave radiation te hi vawiin ni thleng in hmuh theih (Observeable) an ni e a ti.
INFLATION THEORY
Inflation theory chuan Big Bang hnu a Universe rawnin siam dan vel ah Quantum Physics leh Particle physics te atangin hrilhfiah a tum a, Inflation theory danah chuan Universe hi Unstable Energy State ah awm in chu chuan Universe tirte mai chu chak leh rang em em maiin a rawn ti lian (Expand) ta ani. Kan Universe hi kum tam tak kalta a alen dan nen chuan inthlau tak ani tawh. Telescopes tha chungchuang nena hmuh theih piah lamah an inzarpharh dul mai ani. Ahnu zel thil thleng he Theory in a sawifiah te chu, Energy te chu in ang tlang (Uniform) veka a insemdarh dan leh Spacetime a flat geometry te an ni.
Vawiin a kan Inflation theory hriat, mithiam tam tak ten Big Bang theory thlen tirtu zinga an pawmtlan Theory hi Alan Guth (Particle Physicist) 1980 khan a develop a, the ‘Central ideas of Big Bang theory’ ti hial a an sawi Inflation theory chu zirchian zel tum ta ila….
INFLATION THEORY INTAN DAN: Sawi tawh angin Big Bang theory chu finfiah tawh leh Science thu dik ang a pawm tawh a ni a, chu finfiahna chu Cosmic Microwave Background(CMB)radiation khan a ti chiang ta ani. Finfiah vek tawh Theory ang a ngaih ni mahse chhanna harsa tak mai pathum “The three major problems of Inflation theory” a la awm cheu mai. Chung Problems pathum te chu:
1.The homogeneity problem( Big Bang hnu second khat lek ah awihawm lo khawp a in ang tlangin (uniform) engtin nge Energy-te Universe ah a rawn in semdarh theih?.)
2.The flatness problem.
3.The predicted over production of Magnetic Poles.
Big Bang model a alan dan chuan Universe hi Flat ni lovin a Curve a, chu vang chuan Energy te chu hmun tinah insem rualna a thleng vek lo, chu bakah magnetic monopoles a tam lutuk bawk heng ho hian finfiah tawhna zawng zawng nen an inmil lo vek.
Cornell University ah Roberth Dicke a zirtirna hnuaiah Particle Physicist Alan Guth khan kum 1978 ah a zir a, chu mi hnu kum reilo teah Universe tira Inflation Model insiam dan leh awm vel danah Guth an ngaihdan thar a nei leh ta a. 23rd January 1980 khan chu a ngaihdan leh a thil hmuhchhuah chu Stanford Linear Acceleration Center-ah lecture a pe nghe nghe. Chu a ‘Revolutionary Idea’ ah chuan Quantum Physics bulpui Particles physics lairilah Universe tan tir Big Bang kha a Apply theih a ni a ti ta a, a sawidanah chuan Big Bang thlenhnu reilo teah khan Universe rawnin siam turin “Negative Pressure Vacuum Energy” (tunlaia Dark Energy kan tih nen hian ain ang mai awm e) chuan chak leh rang em em maiin a rawn tidarh zauta aniang tih ngaihdan anei a, Theory dangte nen ngaihdan thuhmun tho angin lang mahse danglamna tlem erawh he Inflation Theory hian ahnuah a rawn nei leh chho a, Energy sang em em mai nen Universe hi a in siam a ni ang. Thermodynamics sawina ah pawh Universe rang tak a Expand theihna turin a Density chuan forced nasa tak a pe ani tiin.
Engtin nge rang tawk chuan a Expand theih? 10-35 second a piangin Universe a let thawk thawkin a lian zel ang a. 10-30 Second chhung lekin a mah let 100,000 a lianah a insiam dawn a ni. He tianga alen belhna hi Flat problem in a Expand theih dan tur tawk vela a sawi aia tam niin Universe hi a insiam tirhin Curvature a nei ang a, mahse chu chu vawiin a Flat ang a lang thei tur khawp hian a Expand ta ani. Hei tak hian Flat problem chu a rawn su kiang leh tlat mai( he kan chenna khawvel kei mahni a Flat anga awm tur hian a lian tawk em em a, he kan chenna khawvel a sphere piah lamah chuan a curved ruih mai ani)
Chutiang bawkin Universe insiam laiin Energy-te pawh hi ain semdarh nghal vek angai. A chhan chu he kan chenna khawvel pawh hi Universe zinga pakhat ve mai chauh a nia, mahse he khawvelah pawh hian khang Energy-te kha an awm ve si chuan Universe a tira ain Expand lai khan khawvelah pawh chung Energy in semdarh te chu a hnutchhiah ve ta ani. Rang taka Universe a expand lai khan Energy-te insem darh lo chu nise kan chenna atang hian hlatakah an awm angai a, mahse he kan chenna khawvelah pawh a perceive tlat sia, chuvangin hei hian Homogeneity tih Problem a sukiang e tih ngaihdan a awm.
REFINING THEORY:Ngaihdantam tak leh theory chi hrang hrang Inflation chungchangah hian a awm a, chung Theory a problem awm Guth chhan theihna ber chu Universe a tira rawn Expand vak ang kha thleng nawn tawh lovin a in chhunzawm char char a tia, hemi ngaihdan hi tunhnua Theory an hmuhchhuah ho a tang hian a dik hmel khawp mai.
Hetiang a chakin Universe a in Expand zel anih chuan Universe tirte awmdan Sidney Cole ngaihdan a diklo tihna ani, sawidanah chuan Universe a Phase transition kha Bubbles insiamte inzawmkhawm vang ani a tia, chuan Inflation rawn awmin chung Bubbles te chu chatuan atan anin thehdarh ta ani.
Hetiang dan hi Russia Physicist Andre Linde chuan rawn beiin hemi Problem chinfelna dang tha zawka ngaih chu a rawn duang ve leh ta a, he hunlai hi ‘Iron Curtain’ hunlai vel kha ani awm e(1980’s chho vel). Andreas Albrecht leh Paul J. Steinhart-te pawhin he Andre Linde Theory ang tho hi a hnuah an rawn siam ve leh. (IRON CURTAIN: Cold war(1945-1991),Soviet Communist ramin aluah,Europe a Western and Southern Capitalist leh Eastern inkar a Physical, Ideological Military Division sawifiahna ani)
Hetiang Theory(Inflation) ang deuh reuh chu 1980’s chho velah chi hrang hrang an duang a, chuta tang chuan hmasawn chho zelin vawiin a kan Theory hi rawn piangin Big Bang theoryah pawimawhna a rawn nei chho ta ani.
NASA Program,The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) 2001 an din chuan kum thum chhung Data an chhinchhiah ho, 2006 a an tih chhuah chuan he inflation Theory a dikzia a rawn nemnghet leh a, mahse hemi Theory nen inmil chiah lo Theory tlem erawh a awm tho mai. (hemi Theory chungchangah hian engmah hi dik famkim a awmlo tih hriat atha, vawiin a dik emaw an tih hi kum tam aliam hnuah a diklo thei, chutiang bawkin vawiin a diklo emaw an tih pawh hi nakinah a lo dik leh zawk thei.) he thil hmuhchhuah anih avang hian WMAP Project a thawk pahnih John C. Mather leh George Smoot ten Nobel prize in Physics an dawn phah nghe nghe.
INFLATION THEORY HMINGDANGTE:Inflation Theory hian chi hrang hrang a sawina anei a,chung te chu:
1.Cosmological Inflation.
2.Cosmic Inflation.
3.Old Inflation (Guth theory duan, 1980 vel ami kha.)
4.New Inflation Theory ( Bubble insiam dan leh an in thendarh dan vel sawina theory ..) or Slow Roll Inflation.
Hemi Theory ang deuh Theory dang a awm ve leha, chungte chu Chaotic Inflation leh Eternal Inflation te an ni. Heng theory-te hi Inflation kan sawi takte nen khan danglamna chhete chauh an neia(a inang tep tihna anih chu), he Theory danah chuan Inflation Mechanism hi Big Bang hnulawka thleng chawpchilh nghal mai ni lovin engtik lai pawhin he Space hmun hrang hrangah hian a thleng reng a, tin Bubble universe kan sawi ang kha rang taka insiam belh zelin Multiverse pakhat ni turin a rawnin dinchhuak ta ani. Physicists tamtak chuan heng Theory-te pawh hi Inflation nen inang reng niin an sawi, chuvangin danglamna awm vak turah ngaihtur a nilo.
COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT
20th Century tir lamah khan Scientist Albert Einstein chuan Theory of Relativity a duang chhuak a, chutah chuan Mass leh Light interact vel dan pawh a sawifiah tel nghe nghe.
A equations hi a ril ang bawkin harsatna a awm tlat mai, he Theory sawidanah chuan Universe chu a Expand emaw Contract tiin (lian tial tial emaw te tial tial). Mahse khang hunlai a Observational Evidence lan danah chuan Universe hi Completely Static ani anti.
Hei hi a chhan chu Scientists ten hriat fuh loh pakhat an nei, chu chu zan a Nebula(hla taka Arsi awmkhawm) phe leuh leuh emaw an tih ho chu Nebula an lo ni vek kher lova, Galaxies dang ami te niin leh an Universe hriat leh suangtuah aiin a takah chuan a lian daih zawk.
Einstein pawn Equation a Universe Expand thu chu paihin Cosmological Constant chu a belh leh ta zawk a, ahnu reiloteah Edwin Hubble an kan Universe chu a Expand zel thu leh Galaxies tam tak a awm thu arawn Demonstrate leh sia, hei vang hian a hnuah Equation, General relativity a abelh leh Cosmological Constant kha “The biggest blunder of his life” an tih phah hial ani, mahse ani chiah em? (Dark Matter leh Energy a awm tak tak chuan…..)
DARK MATTER LEH DARK ENERGY
Dark Matter hianin ElectromagneticRadiation a pek chhuah (Emit/Reflect)loh avangin Matter chhuichian ngai tak ani a, Arsi-te Galaxies-te Matter hmuhtheih(Visible) Gravitational Effects dan atangin Dark Matter awm thu hi hriatchhuah chauh ani.
Dark Matter hi a awmngei ani tih hriat ni tawh mahse he khawvel mihring thiamna hianin enge anih chiah tih chhuichiang tur hian ankhawl neih hianin a detect thei bawk silova, Matter dang ho ti buai lovin leh hnuhma engmah hnutchhiah miah lovin an su tlang hmiah hmiah thin tih bak hriat an nei lo. Kan Universe-ah hian Dark Matter-te hi an tam em em mai a, chuvangin kan universe a Arsi-te hian hipna nasa tak nei mahse a pawt hla tial tial mai ani. He kan Universe a thil awmte hian inhip tawnna nasa tak nei lo phei sela chuan in ngai chung zelin a pawt then darh vek tawh mai awm e, he thil thleng lova hipna neia siamtu kan Pathian hi ava ropui em. Kum maktaduai tel aliam hnuah phei chuan Chawngmawii leh Hrangchhuana pawh in ngai hle mahse hla taka inthennani he Dark Matter-te hian an siam sak dawn anih hmel… (Lung a chhe tlat love story lam ziah chhunzawm nhal mai dawn maw nile...hihiiii)..
Dark Energy pawh hi Energy finfiah ngai, Space leh Negative Pressure-ah a inzar pharh a, Matter hmutheihte a Gravitational Effects, Theoretical leh Observational result inkar danglam dan vel a Gravitational Effects atangin a awm ani tih hriatchhuah ani a, Dark matter nen hian Astronomical Objects inkar a Gravitational interactions an observed-na atangin chhuichian theih chauh an ni a, Dark Energy tih tawngkam hi Theoretical Cosmologist Michael S.Turner-a rawn vawrh chhuah ani. Gravity angin Mass neite inkar hlat zawngah a in nghat ve lova, chu tak chu Gravity aia kan Universe chungnung chhan ani. Arsi leh Arsi-te inkarah thawkin a hla thei ang berah pawh then a tum thin a, mahse Gravity-in a lo pawh khawm ve avangin muangchang bakin a pawt hla thei lova, Arsi-te anin hlat tual tual avangin Gravity pawh a chak lo tual tual a, mahse Dark Energy chu ala ngai reng sia, hei vang hian kan Universe pawh hi a Expand chak phah em em ani. Dark Matter siamtute hi Atom ani lova, kan hmuhtheih leh khawih theih Atom siam ho hi chu ‘Baryonic Matter’ an tia, Dark matter-te erawh chu Baryons-te siam anih ve loh avangin ‘Non Baryonic Matter’ an ti ve thung. Science thiamnain a hriat ngai loh leh a hmuhtheih loh Particles-te siam anih avangin zirchian a harsat phah ani.
DARK MATTER LEH DARK ENERGY HMUHCHHUAH DAN: Kum 1998 khan Teams pahnih ‘The Super Nova Cosmology Project leh The High-Z Supernova’ teamte chuan kan Universe Expand dan hi a nep tial tial tih ngaihdan neiin chhuichian an tum ta a, mahse an ngaihdan chu a diklo chiang kher mai. Kan Universe Expand dan hi nep tial tial ni lovin ngaihtuah phak bakin a Expand chak tial tial tih an hmuchhuak ta daih zawk. ( Stephen Weinberg-a kha kan Universe a expand chak tial tial ani tih sawichhuak hmasatu ani.)
Hemi ti chiang tur hian kum 1998 tho khan he kan Universe a thil awmte hian a tir aiin anin hlat tial tial a, chu anin hlat tial tialna rate pawh chu a chak tial tial(Faster) tih an rawn hmuchhuak leh ta ani. Einstein-an a diklo emaw tia a siamthat leh Cosmological Constant kha he Dark Energy hnathawh danah rawn dik ta chiahin leh hemi chungchang chhuichian theihna Theory awmchhun ani bawk. Einstein’s Theory of Relativity chuan Gravity hian engpawh a hip thei vek a, Eng zunzam pawh a hip thei ani ati a, chumi chu hmang tangkaiin Dark matter-in Eng zunzam a lo hip kawi dan a tang ten an chhui ta ani.
An hmuhchhuah hnuhnun ber a alan danah phei chuan he kan Universe in siam nan hian 70% lai mai hi Dark Energy leh Dark Matter-te an ni tih ani a, chhuichianna a alan danah phei chuan he kan Universe insiamnan hian 4% chauh Matter hmuhtheih ten pawimawhna anei tih anih leh ta zel tlat mai. Chuvangin he Dark Energy leh Dark Matter-te chet vel dan leh awmdan hi tunlai Cosmologists ho Theoretical leh Observational Goals pakhat ani.
Hmingdang a sawina atan Vacuum Energy, Vacuum Pressure, Negative Pressure, leh Cosmological Constant tih te an ni.
ASTRONOMY LEH SPACE (SOLAR SYSTEM LEH UNIVERSE RAWN AWM DAN)
*KUM BILLION 15 KALTA AWMDAN: Kum billion 15 liamtaah khan Big Bang rawn thlengin, Universe chu rawn intanin chu chuan Space, Time, Matter, leh Energyte chu Cataclysm in a in siam ta a, chungho chu vawiin thleng hian Universeah an awm hlen ta ani. Big Bang hma chuan heng Time, Space, Energy, matter hi an awm lo anga ngaih ani, Hemi Big Bang hma “ENGMAH AWMLO” hun lai vel tur hi Scientists-te ngaihtuah phak piah lam ani.
BIG BANG HNU LAWK A THILTHLENG: Big Bang zawh Second hmun maktaduai a thena hmunkhatah Universe chu a rawn lian tan tial tial nghal a, chu chu rawn vawtin leh pan(less dense) tial tialin Gravity a rawn awm tan a, Matter te rawn awm tan nghalin Particles Building Block kan tih mai Quarks, Leptons, Photons, leh Neutrinos te an rawn awm chho ta ani. Protons leh Neutrons chuan Atoms zawng zawng Nuclei a rawn siam a, Protons leh Neutrons in Combine chuan Hydrogen, Helium leh Lithium, leh Atomic Nuclei a rawn din chho ve leh ta ani.
BIG BANG HNU KUM 10,000: RADIATION ERA: Energy tam berte chu Radiation, Light Wave Length hrang hrang, X-rays, Radio waves leh Ultraviolet rays angin an awm ta a, Universe chu lian tial tialin heng Radiation ho pawh in zar pharh zau zelin an lo dal(Dilute) tial tial ta ani.
BIG BANG HNU KUM 300,000: MATTER DOMINATION ERA: A tira Temperature sa em em pawh kha vawt tial tialin 5000 Degrees Fahreheit vel a rawn nia, Matter leh Radiation a Energy-te chu an rawn intluk ta a, Universe Expand zel chuan Light Waves-te pawh semdarh zelin Energy chu ati hniam chho ve zel bawk a, Matter-ah erawh nghawng awm teh chiam lovin, Atomic Nuclei chu Electrons chuan a rawn bawr tan ta a, atawp atawpah Hydrogen leh Helium Atoms-in Arsite in siamna tur ‘FUEL’ a rawn siam ta ani.
BIG BANG HNU KUM 300,000,000: ARSI LEH GALAXY-TE AN IN SIAM: Gravity Force chuan Gaseos Matter-te Density-ah Irregularities Effect a rawn nei chho a, Universe pawh chu zau tial tialin Pockets of Gas a rawn in siam a, chu chu in sawh muk tial tialin, Arsi alh rawn piangin hmunkhatah an rawn awmkhawm ta a, chuan Galaxies hmasa ho a rawn siam leh ta ani.
KUM BILLION 5 KALTA AWMDAN: KAN SOLAR SYSTEM A IN SIAM: Tuna Milky Way kan tih Spiral Arm-ah Gas nawi khu vel chuan NI a siam ve leh a, Gas khu nawi keh them tam tak chuan THLA, ASTEROIDS PLANETS-te a rawn pian tir ve leh ta ani.
KUM 3.8 BILLION KAL TA AWMDAN:NUNNA A RAWN AWM: Kan chenna khawvel(Earth) chu a vawt tawh a, Atmosphere chu awm tanin Microscopic Cells a rawnin siam tan a, thlai hnah emaw rannung a la ni rih lo.
KUM 700,000,000 KALTA AWMDAN: ANIMALS APPEARED: Flatworm, Jellyfish leh Algae ang deuhte chu an rawnawm tan a, kum maktaduai 130 hnuah thilnung siamtu leh Hard shells-te chu an rawn awm tan chho ve nghal(Evolutionringtute tan in Ancestor-te an nih khi…heheeee.)
KUM 200,00O,000 KALTA AWMDAN:MAMMALS-TE AN RAWN PIANG: Mammals hmasa ho chu Reptile-te atangin an rawn evolve chho tan a, chuan Mammalion Traits ho a rawn develop tan nghal.
KUM 65,000,000 KALTA AWMDAN: DINOSAURS-TE AN THIMANG VEK: Asteroids/Comets, Mexico a Yucatan Peninsula-Northern Part-ah a tla a, he thil thleng hian kum tam tak chhung he khawvel a loawm/cheng ve tawh Dinosaurs-te tan chhiatna leh tawpna ni a rawn thlen ta, Mammals chi hrang hrang an rawn in siam belh.
KUM 600,000 KALTA AWMDAN:HOMO SAPIENS EMERGED: Tuna America khawi hmunah emaw chuan thahtu(A theist-te Ancestors) hmasa ho atan mihring chi(Human species) te chu Apes(Zawng mei neilo) atangin a rawn evolved.
KUM 170,000 KALTA AWMDAN:SUPERNOVA 1987A EXPLODED(PUAK):Arsi, Magellanic Cloud tih a hriat leh hrawl zet chu a puak a, hei hi NI aiin Blue Supergiant 25 letin a hrawl lian zawk.
KUM BC 8000: Maya ten Astronomical an remkhawm(Constructed).
KUM BC 4000: Egyptian Institute the 365 day Calendar.
He theory hi a dik e ka ti lova, chutiang bawkin ka Deny vek lem lo. Dik tamtak erawh a awm ka ring, Pathian pawhin Big Bang hmangin Universe a lo siam maithei asin! tuman a hre si lo.